|
Location:
Oxfordshire,
England.
(O/S
SP 2930). |
Grid Reference:
51° 58′ 20″ N,
1° 34′ 19″ W. |
The Rollrights:
(Stone Circle).
The site consists of
three separate monuments — a stone circle known as the 'King's Men', a
cluster of four standing stones dubbed the 'Whispering Knights', (A
probable long-barrow), and a
single standing stone called the 'King's Stone' — that were built in
different periods between 4000 and 1500 BC.
Situated on the border of Oxfordshire and Warwickshire
(Map with Location of
site)
(1895 Site
Plan)
| The
Rollright's:
('The King's
Men') |
This
concentration of megaliths consists of a stone circle (The King's Men), a standing
stone (The
King Stone), 73m/239ft
NE) and a burial chamber (The Whispering Knights, 357m/0.2mi ESE).
There are about 77 lumps of weathered limestone forming a 31.4m (103ft)
near-perfect circle, some small enough to be almost lost in the short turf.
In 18th century, the antiquarian William Stukeley described this
circle as The greatest Antiquity we have yet seen... corroded like
worm-eaten wood by the harsh Jaws of Time. Early in the 17th century
only 26 stones were standing; in 1882 there was a major re-erection of the
remaining stones.
There is no other stone ring near the Rollright Stones, but the circle
lies in an area of henges. Its name has nothing to do with any
supernatural rotation of the stones, but it may derive from Hrolla-landriht as early spellings like Rollindricht suggest,
the
land belonging to Hrolla.
The "King's Men" is a
stone circle that dates from about 2500-2000 BC. It is almost perfectly
round and has a diameter of 104 ft (33 m). Originally, there may have
been as many as 105 stones, but today there are 77 stones. Over a third
of the stones were put back in place during the site's restoration in
1882.
Aubrey Burl called the
Rollright's “seventy-seven stones, stumps and lumps of leprous
limestone”. This number has altered considerably over the years -
drawings from the tail-end of the 19th century, just before the Stones
were scheduled under the 1882 Ancient Monuments Protection Act along
with Stonehenge and Avebury, show about 25 stones in the Circle (see
above). “In
the year 1882 the proprietor of Little Rollright replaced all the
fallen stones in their original foundation.”
The stones are of
heavily-weathered local oolotic limestone: antiquarian William
Stuckeley described them as being "corroded like worm-eaten wood, by
the harsh Jaws of Time" that make for a "very noble, rustic, sight,
and strike an odd terror upon the spectators, and admiration at the
design of 'em".
The Whispering Knights
are accessed by a well-maintained grassy path that leads around the
outskirts of a private field. Here four stones stand upright in a tight
cluster; a fifth, probably the capstone, has fallen. The stones are part
of a portal dolmen-type burial chamber dating from about 4000-3500 BC,
and originally projected out of a low, flat-topped platform that
surrounded them. Dismembered bodies were placed in the chamber for
burial. Human remains were place in the chamber for over a thousand
years, well into the Bronze Age.
The King's Stone
(right), is
a large block of limestone about 2.5 m high. This is believed to have
been a marker stone for an early Bronze Age cemetery and was erected
between 1800-1500 BC. Several small cairns containing cremations were
discovered around the stone. The stone's unusual shape is not original;
it derives from early visitors chipping away pieces to take away as
talismans or for healing purposes.
Chronology:-
The earliest monument is the Whispering Knights,
which dates from as early as 4,000 BC. The stone circle was constructed
around 2,500 BC and the single King's Stone was added about 1,800-1,500
BC.
|
The Desecration of the Rollright's (2004)
What was loosely called an April 1st
'prank'. - Yellow Gloss paint was found the next morning
splattered across stones around the circle damaging around 70
stones; In some cases on both sides. The paint could still be
seen clearly over two years later.
Still not sure how the clear-up
operation cost so much (£250,000) - Someone got paid well for
that job.
(Ref: Heritage action)
(Other examples of desecrated megaliths)
|
Myth and Legend:
According to a legend, the Rollright's Stones were once human beings: the
army of a King. There are other legends, though; one is that
the King's Men are uncountable. A baker who tried to ascertain their
number by placing a loaf on top of every stone was not successful, because
he did not have enough loaves. Another story tells that at midnight on New
Year's Day the stones go downhill to drink at a spring in Little Rollright
spinney.
The Whispering Knights are named for the conspiratorial way
in which they lean in towards each other. Local legend has
it that they were plotting against their king when they were turned into
stone by a witch, along with the other monuments at the Rollright's. Another
legend says that on New Year's Eve, at the tolling of the bells of Long
Compton church, the stones go down to the valley to drink.
Archaeo-Astronomy:
The inclusion of 'portal-stones' opposite the tallest stone in the ring is
suggestive of an astronomical association.
Alignments:
Lies on the border of Oxfordshire and Warwickshire.
The Rollright Ley: A ley line that
extends for more than 16 miles from the Rollright Stones:
From Rollright, the ley passes
through Madmarston Hill Camp, this was a hill fort that has evidence
of late Roman activity it then goes on through Castle Bank Camp with
its Iron age origins then to Wroxton All Saints Church (13th century
church containing the tomb of Lord North one time Prime Minister).,
Proceeding further the ley goes through Cropredy Bridge a site of a
battle during the civil war 1644, It continues on to an Earthwork
situated at Chipping Warden, this dates back to the Iron age and is
known as Arbury Camp.
The diameter of the
Rollright's is 31.4 meters (or 31.6m / 38 m.y.), an accurate expression of
π times 10 meters. Given the 6/π
relationship between the meter and the cubit, the diameter of the Rollright
circle is also 60 ancient Egyptian cubits.
It is said that the
Rollright's lie on the Eastern edge of a vast circle of ancient monuments
lying on the Cotswolds landscape. This vast geometric design shares the same
diameter as two other large circles found across the Marlborough landscape.
(More about English Geodesy).
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